An Overview Of Parkinson Disease - 1450 Words

An Overview of Parkinson Disease Parkinson disease (PD) is a condition consisting of many unanswered questions. What causes it? Is it a genetic disorder? How will an individual know if they will be diagnosed with it in their lifetime? The list of enquiries one might present is endless. However, before even attempting to answer any questions, it is essential to understand the disease as a whole. In order to do so, grasping basic background information as well as data on PD is necessary. Following that, discussing material regarding the science behind the disease will provide a deeper understanding when examining the subsequent etiologies, signs, and symptoms. From a historical perspective, PD was first described in 1817 by James†¦show more content†¦In order to understand the possible etiology and the signs and symptoms, it is important to first recognize the science of PD and what happens neurologically. Nolden, Tartavoulle, and Porche (2014) explain that the brain structure s affected by the disease are known as the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia. The role of the basal ganglia is to provide control of fine motor movements. What happens with PD, is there is a loss of dopamine-producing neurons from the substantia nigra which causes a deficiency in dopamine levels. Without a sufficient amount of dopamine, there are not enough chemical messages being transmitted to initiate, control, and balance movement of the target muscles. It is worth noting though, that dopamine levels decrease naturally as one ages, so symptoms could become more aggressive and prevalent the older an individual gets. Fallon et al. (2015) explains that the dying cells contain Lewy bodies, defined as protein aggregates, which allow the disease to be identified. However, it is still undetermined what all factors cause the degeneration of those brain cells and PD as a whole. PD is a disease of mostly unknown etiology; however, there have been links to various factors from environ mental influences to genetics (Galifianakis Ghazinouri, 2014). First of all, it is necessary to mention that the suspected environmental factors are hard to come by for they are merely risk factors. Nonetheless, they are still important toShow MoreRelatedIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreA Red Shifted Variant Of Channelrhodopsin Allows Deep Transcranial Optogenetic Excitation770 Words   |  4 Pagesassist in providing background information regarding transcranial options for the use of chronic studies. Little, S., Brown, P. (2014) Focusing Brain Therapeutic Interventions in Space and Time for Parkinson’s disease. Current Biology 24, 898-909. A good understanding of what Parkinson’s disease is, and what brain mechanism are involved is crucial to try to create a treatment. Three different approaches to create high spatiotemporal targeting are presented, one of them being optogenetics. However, byRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )725 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second world s major neurological disease (Laut Breteler, 2006) affecting 6 million people globally (Schapira, 1999). 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